721.
C Schinke; M R Vogt; K Bothe
Optical Modeling of Photovoltaic Modules with Ray Tracing Simulations Buchkapitel
In: Freunek, M (Hrsg.): Photovoltaic Modeling Handbook, Kapitel 3, S. 27-91, Wiley-Blackwell, 2018, ISBN: 9781119364214.
@inbook{Schinke2018,
title = {Optical Modeling of Photovoltaic Modules with Ray Tracing Simulations},
author = {C Schinke and M R Vogt and K Bothe},
editor = {M Freunek},
doi = {10.1002/9781119364214.ch3},
isbn = {9781119364214},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-08-03},
booktitle = {Photovoltaic Modeling Handbook},
pages = {27-91},
publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
chapter = {3},
abstract = {Abstract This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Basics of Optical Ray Tracing Simulations Modeling Illumination Specific Issues for Ray Tracing of Photovoltaic Modules From Optics to Power Output Overview of Optical Simulation Tools for PV Devices Acknowledgments},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Abstract This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Basics of Optical Ray Tracing Simulations Modeling Illumination Specific Issues for Ray Tracing of Photovoltaic Modules From Optics to Power Output Overview of Optical Simulation Tools for PV Devices Acknowledgments
722.
T Dullweber; H Schulte-Huxel; S Blankemeyer; H Hannebauer; S Schimanke; U Baumann; R Witteck; R Peibst; M Köntges; R Brendel; Y Yao
Present status and future perspectives of bifacial PERC+ solar cells and modules Artikel
In: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Bd. 57, Nr. 8S3, S. 08RA01, 2018.
@article{Dullweber2018,
title = {Present status and future perspectives of bifacial PERC+ solar cells and modules},
author = {T Dullweber and H Schulte-Huxel and S Blankemeyer and H Hannebauer and S Schimanke and U Baumann and R Witteck and R Peibst and M Köntges and R Brendel and Y Yao},
doi = {10.7567/JJAP.57.08RA01},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-08-01},
journal = {Japanese Journal of Applied Physics},
volume = {57},
number = {8S3},
pages = {08RA01},
abstract = {This paper reviews the main research results related to PERC+ silicon solar cells. Compared to today’s industry typical passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) silicon solar cells with full-area rear aluminum layer, PERC+ solar cells apply an aluminum finger grid on the rear side and hence are able to absorb diffuse light from the rear side in addition to the direct sunlight which is absorbed from the front side. This bifaciality increases the energy yield of silicon solar modules by up to 25%. Since its first publication in 2015, the PERC+ cell concept has been rapidly adopted by several solar cell manufacturers due to the very similar process technology of bifacial PERC+ cells and main stream monofacial PERC cells. We summarize technological challenges, published PERC+ conversion efficiencies and PERC+ module technologies. First energy yield data of PERC+ field installations demonstrate the high energy yield potential of PERC+ solar cells.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper reviews the main research results related to PERC+ silicon solar cells. Compared to today’s industry typical passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) silicon solar cells with full-area rear aluminum layer, PERC+ solar cells apply an aluminum finger grid on the rear side and hence are able to absorb diffuse light from the rear side in addition to the direct sunlight which is absorbed from the front side. This bifaciality increases the energy yield of silicon solar modules by up to 25%. Since its first publication in 2015, the PERC+ cell concept has been rapidly adopted by several solar cell manufacturers due to the very similar process technology of bifacial PERC+ cells and main stream monofacial PERC cells. We summarize technological challenges, published PERC+ conversion efficiencies and PERC+ module technologies. First energy yield data of PERC+ field installations demonstrate the high energy yield potential of PERC+ solar cells.
723.
S Brötje; M Kirchner; F Giovannetti
In: Solar Energy, Bd. 170, S. 406-418, 2018, ISSN: 0038-092X.
@article{Brötje2018cb,
title = {Performance and heat transfer analysis of uncovered photovoltaic-thermal collectors with detachable compound},
author = {S Brötje and M Kirchner and F Giovannetti},
doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2018.05.030},
issn = {0038-092X},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-08-01},
journal = {Solar Energy},
volume = {170},
pages = {406-418},
abstract = {Concerning the manufacturing of uncovered, liquid-based photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collectors, design requirements or low expenses have higher priority than the all-out optimization of the thermal efficiency. The specific impact of inevitable thermal resistances caused by wavy surfaces and imperfect contacts between PV modules and heat exchangers has not been comprehensively investigated yet. This paper focuses on the performances of uncovered PVT collectors with detachable mounting of PV modules on heat exchangers and the effect of macroscopic air gaps. Two prototypes with thin film modules were built without using silicon glue, other adhesives or heat conductive paste. Measured in sun simulator in electrical open-circuit mode, the thermal zero-loss efficiencies for the adhesive-free collectors are η0},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Concerning the manufacturing of uncovered, liquid-based photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collectors, design requirements or low expenses have higher priority than the all-out optimization of the thermal efficiency. The specific impact of inevitable thermal resistances caused by wavy surfaces and imperfect contacts between PV modules and heat exchangers has not been comprehensively investigated yet. This paper focuses on the performances of uncovered PVT collectors with detachable mounting of PV modules on heat exchangers and the effect of macroscopic air gaps. Two prototypes with thin film modules were built without using silicon glue, other adhesives or heat conductive paste. Measured in sun simulator in electrical open-circuit mode, the thermal zero-loss efficiencies for the adhesive-free collectors are η0
724.
S J Wolter; V Steckenreiter; M C Tatarzyn; T Wietler; R Niepelt; S Kajari-Schröder
Determination and influence evaluation of the acoustic impedance ratio for thermal co-evaporation Artikel
In: Applied Physics Letters, Bd. 113, Nr. 1, S. 013301, 2018.
@article{Wolter2018,
title = {Determination and influence evaluation of the acoustic impedance ratio for thermal co-evaporation},
author = {S J Wolter and V Steckenreiter and M C Tatarzyn and T Wietler and R Niepelt and S Kajari-Schröder},
doi = {10.1063/1.5037403},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-07-06},
journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
volume = {113},
number = {1},
pages = {013301},
abstract = {Metal-halide perovskites are promising materials for applications like lasers and solar cells. In this work, we show the importance of an accurate determination of the source material parameters (acoustic impedance ratio and density) for thermal co-evaporation of soft materials like perovskites. We use here methylammonium iodide and lead(II)iodide for the exemplary deposition of methylammoniumlead(II)triiodide. We measure the thickness of the deposited layers by scanning electron microscopy cross sections and monitor the frequency change of the quartz crystal microbalances. We use a model with a one-dimensional acoustical composite resonator for the correct determination of the acoustic impedance ratio, resulting in values of 0.025 ± 0.002 for methylammonium iodide and of 0.11 ± 0.01 for lead(II)iodide. We use the resulting material parameters to deposit a layer of crystalline methylammonium lead triiodide with an accurately controlled stoichiometry of MAPbIx with x = 3.2 ± 0.2. We show the impact assuming false acoustic impedance ratios by simulating the actual evaporation rates of the source materials. We show that the ratio of the evaporation rates changes significantly during the deposition process. This results in a strong stoichiometry gradient in the perovskite layer and a mismatch in the average stoichiometry for a typical absorber thickness of 600 nm.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Metal-halide perovskites are promising materials for applications like lasers and solar cells. In this work, we show the importance of an accurate determination of the source material parameters (acoustic impedance ratio and density) for thermal co-evaporation of soft materials like perovskites. We use here methylammonium iodide and lead(II)iodide for the exemplary deposition of methylammoniumlead(II)triiodide. We measure the thickness of the deposited layers by scanning electron microscopy cross sections and monitor the frequency change of the quartz crystal microbalances. We use a model with a one-dimensional acoustical composite resonator for the correct determination of the acoustic impedance ratio, resulting in values of 0.025 ± 0.002 for methylammonium iodide and of 0.11 ± 0.01 for lead(II)iodide. We use the resulting material parameters to deposit a layer of crystalline methylammonium lead triiodide with an accurately controlled stoichiometry of MAPbIx with x = 3.2 ± 0.2. We show the impact assuming false acoustic impedance ratios by simulating the actual evaporation rates of the source materials. We show that the ratio of the evaporation rates changes significantly during the deposition process. This results in a strong stoichiometry gradient in the perovskite layer and a mismatch in the average stoichiometry for a typical absorber thickness of 600 nm.
725.
S Schäfer; R Brendel
In: IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Bd. 8, Nr. 4, S. 1156-1158, 2018, ISSN: 2156-3381.
@article{Schäfer2018,
title = {Accurate Calculation of the Absorptance Enhances Efficiency Limit of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells With Lambertian Light Trapping},
author = {S Schäfer and R Brendel},
doi = {10.1109/JPHOTOV.2018.2824024},
issn = {2156-3381},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-07-01},
journal = {IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics},
volume = {8},
number = {4},
pages = {1156-1158},
abstract = {The widely accepted limiting efficiency for crystalline silicon solar cells with Lambertian light trapping under 1 sun was previously calculated to be 29.43% for a 110-μm-thick device by using the commonly applied weak absorption approximation for light trapping. However, the short-circuit current density increases by 0.17 mA/cm2 when modeling the optical absorptance of an ideal Lambertian light trapping scheme exactly. The resulting new 1-sun efficiency limit is 29.56% and holds for a cell that is 98.1 μm in thickness.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The widely accepted limiting efficiency for crystalline silicon solar cells with Lambertian light trapping under 1 sun was previously calculated to be 29.43% for a 110-μm-thick device by using the commonly applied weak absorption approximation for light trapping. However, the short-circuit current density increases by 0.17 mA/cm2 when modeling the optical absorptance of an ideal Lambertian light trapping scheme exactly. The resulting new 1-sun efficiency limit is 29.56% and holds for a cell that is 98.1 μm in thickness.
726.
M Schnabel; H Schulte-Huxel; T R Klein; M Rienaecker; J F Giesz; B G Lee; R Niepelt; S Kajari-Schroeder; M. F. A. M. Hest; E L Warren; R Brendel; R Peibst; P Stradins; A C Tamboli
Three-Terminal III-V/Si Tandem Solar Cells Fabricated Using a Transparent, Conductive Adhesive Vortrag
Waikoloa, HI, USA, 15.06.2018, (2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)).
@misc{Schnabel2018,
title = {Three-Terminal III-V/Si Tandem Solar Cells Fabricated Using a Transparent, Conductive Adhesive},
author = {M Schnabel and H Schulte-Huxel and T R Klein and M Rienaecker and J F Giesz and B G Lee and R Niepelt and S Kajari-Schroeder and M. F. A. M. Hest and E L Warren and R Brendel and R Peibst and P Stradins and A C Tamboli},
editor = {IEEE},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-15},
booktitle = {7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC-7)},
address = {Waikoloa, HI, USA},
abstract = {Multijunction architectures provide a crosscutting solution for increasing solar cell efficiency for a variety of material types and combinations. We discuss a three-terminal tandem cell demonstrated using a III-V/Si platform. High efficiencies have been achieved in two and four terminal designs, but two-terminal cells require current matching, and four-terminal cells require intermediate grids to transport current laterally from in between the cells to the edges, which can lead to optical and resistive losses. Our three-terminal architecture utilizes a modified interdigitated back contact Si bottom cell, enabling maximized power extraction for any band gap combination, without intermediate grids. We demonstrate a >25% efficient GaInP/Si 3T cell which is bonded using a transparent, conductive adhesive material to enable optical and electrical coupling between the subcells.},
note = {2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {presentation}
}
Multijunction architectures provide a crosscutting solution for increasing solar cell efficiency for a variety of material types and combinations. We discuss a three-terminal tandem cell demonstrated using a III-V/Si platform. High efficiencies have been achieved in two and four terminal designs, but two-terminal cells require current matching, and four-terminal cells require intermediate grids to transport current laterally from in between the cells to the edges, which can lead to optical and resistive losses. Our three-terminal architecture utilizes a modified interdigitated back contact Si bottom cell, enabling maximized power extraction for any band gap combination, without intermediate grids. We demonstrate a >25% efficient GaInP/Si 3T cell which is bonded using a transparent, conductive adhesive material to enable optical and electrical coupling between the subcells.
727.
B Schiebler; F Weiland; F Giovannetti; S Jack
Entwicklung und Bewertung von Flachkollektoren mit Wärmerohren zur Begrenzung der Stagnationstemperatur in Solarkreisen Proceedings Article
In: GmbH, Conexio (Hrsg.): Symposium Solarthermie 2018, S. 50-69, Bad Staffelstein, Germany, 2018.
@inproceedings{Schiebler2018,
title = {Entwicklung und Bewertung von Flachkollektoren mit Wärmerohren zur Begrenzung der Stagnationstemperatur in Solarkreisen},
author = {B Schiebler and F Weiland and F Giovannetti and S Jack},
editor = {Conexio GmbH},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-15},
booktitle = {Symposium Solarthermie 2018},
pages = {50-69},
address = {Bad Staffelstein, Germany},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
728.
S Brötje; L Busche; Z Grodtke; N Tränkel; M Kirchner; I Kunze; R Witteck; T Schabbach; F Giovannetti
Optimierung und Evaluation eines nicht abgedeckten, modularen photovoltaisch-thermischen Kollektors basierend auf einem Montagesystem mit Integralbauweise Proceedings Article
In: GmbH, Conexio (Hrsg.): Symposium Solarthermie 2018, S. 234-252, Bad Staffelstein, Germany, 2018.
@inproceedings{Brötje2018,
title = {Optimierung und Evaluation eines nicht abgedeckten, modularen photovoltaisch-thermischen Kollektors basierend auf einem Montagesystem mit Integralbauweise},
author = {S Brötje and L Busche and Z Grodtke and N Tränkel and M Kirchner and I Kunze and R Witteck and T Schabbach and F Giovannetti},
editor = {Conexio GmbH},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-15},
booktitle = {Symposium Solarthermie 2018},
pages = {234-252},
address = {Bad Staffelstein, Germany},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
729.
S Müller; R Reineke-Koch; F Giovannetti; B Hafner
Experimentelle Untersuchung der Stagnationsbelastungen in einer Trinkwarmwasseranlage mit thermochromen Flachkollektoren Proceedings Article
In: GmbH, Conexio (Hrsg.): Symposium Solarthermie 2018, S. 281-296, Bad Staffelstein, Germany, 2018.
@inproceedings{Mueller2018,
title = {Experimentelle Untersuchung der Stagnationsbelastungen in einer Trinkwarmwasseranlage mit thermochromen Flachkollektoren},
author = {S Müller and R Reineke-Koch and F Giovannetti and B Hafner},
editor = {Conexio GmbH},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-15},
booktitle = {Symposium Solarthermie 2018},
pages = {281-296},
address = {Bad Staffelstein, Germany},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
730.
B Schiebler; F Weiland; F Giovannetti
Experimentelle Bewertung von stagnationssicheren Sonnenkollektoren mit Wärmerohren zur solaren Trinkwarmwasserbereitung in Thermosiphonsystemen Proceedings Article
In: GmbH, Conexio (Hrsg.): Symposium Solarthermie 2018, S. 306-322, Bad Staffelstein, Germany, 2018.
@inproceedings{Schiebler2018b,
title = {Experimentelle Bewertung von stagnationssicheren Sonnenkollektoren mit Wärmerohren zur solaren Trinkwarmwasserbereitung in Thermosiphonsystemen},
author = {B Schiebler and F Weiland and F Giovannetti},
editor = {Conexio GmbH},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-15},
booktitle = {Symposium Solarthermie 2018},
pages = {306-322},
address = {Bad Staffelstein, Germany},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
731.
S Helbig; M Kirchner; F Giovannetti; C Lampe; M Littwin; O Kastner
PVT-Kollektoren als bisolare Wärmepumpenquelle Ein Simulationsvergleich zwischen Polysun und TRNSYS Proceedings Article
In: GmbH, Conexio (Hrsg.): Symposium Solarthermie 2018, S. 376-388, Bad Staffelstein, Germany, 2018.
@inproceedings{Helbig2018,
title = {PVT-Kollektoren als bisolare Wärmepumpenquelle Ein Simulationsvergleich zwischen Polysun und TRNSYS},
author = {S Helbig and M Kirchner and F Giovannetti and C Lampe and M Littwin and O Kastner},
editor = {Conexio GmbH},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-15},
booktitle = {Symposium Solarthermie 2018},
pages = {376-388},
address = {Bad Staffelstein, Germany},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
732.
S Helbig; D Eggert; M Adam
Einfluss von Speicheranschlusshöhen und geschichteter Speicherbe- und -entladung auf die Effizienz solarer Kombisysteme im Mehrfamilienhaus Proceedings Article
In: GmbH, Conexio (Hrsg.): Symposium Solarthermie 2018, S. 512-523, Bad Staffelstein, Germany, 2018.
@inproceedings{Helbig2018b,
title = {Einfluss von Speicheranschlusshöhen und geschichteter Speicherbe- und -entladung auf die Effizienz solarer Kombisysteme im Mehrfamilienhaus},
author = {S Helbig and D Eggert and M Adam},
editor = {Conexio GmbH},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-15},
booktitle = {Symposium Solarthermie 2018},
pages = {512-523},
address = {Bad Staffelstein, Germany},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
733.
E L Warren; M G Deceglie; M Rienacker; R Peibst; A C Tamboli; P Stradins
Maximizing tandem solar cell power extraction using a three-terminal design Artikel
In: Sustainable Energy Fuels, Bd. 2, Nr. 6, S. 1141-1147, 2018.
@article{Warren2018,
title = {Maximizing tandem solar cell power extraction using a three-terminal design},
author = {E L Warren and M G Deceglie and M Rienacker and R Peibst and A C Tamboli and P Stradins},
doi = {10.1039/C8SE00133B},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-01},
journal = {Sustainable Energy Fuels},
volume = {2},
number = {6},
pages = {1141-1147},
publisher = {The Royal Society of Chemistry},
abstract = {Tandem or multijunction solar cells can greatly increase the efficiency of solar energy conversion by absorbing different energies of the incident solar illumination in semiconductors with different band-gaps, which can operate more efficiently than a single absorber. Many different designs of tandem cells based on high efficiency top cells and Si bottom cells have been proposed, and there is ongoing debate as to whether the sub-cells should be wired in series (to create a tandem device with two terminals) or operated independently (four terminals). An alternative cell configuration that combines some of the strengths of both is a three-terminal device consisting of a top cell optically in series with a modified interdigitated back contact (IBC) Si cell featuring a conductive top contact. Such a configuration can enable improved energy yield while only requiring external wiring on the front and back of the solar cell stack. In this paper, we investigate the operation of three terminal tandems in detail using technology computer aided design (TCAD) device physics simulations. Using III-V top cells as an example case, we show how the addition of a third terminal can deliver comparable power output to a four terminal device, and substantially more power than a two-terminal device, while also enabling power injection and extraction between the two sub-circuits under a variety of spectral conditions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Tandem or multijunction solar cells can greatly increase the efficiency of solar energy conversion by absorbing different energies of the incident solar illumination in semiconductors with different band-gaps, which can operate more efficiently than a single absorber. Many different designs of tandem cells based on high efficiency top cells and Si bottom cells have been proposed, and there is ongoing debate as to whether the sub-cells should be wired in series (to create a tandem device with two terminals) or operated independently (four terminals). An alternative cell configuration that combines some of the strengths of both is a three-terminal device consisting of a top cell optically in series with a modified interdigitated back contact (IBC) Si cell featuring a conductive top contact. Such a configuration can enable improved energy yield while only requiring external wiring on the front and back of the solar cell stack. In this paper, we investigate the operation of three terminal tandems in detail using technology computer aided design (TCAD) device physics simulations. Using III-V top cells as an example case, we show how the addition of a third terminal can deliver comparable power output to a four terminal device, and substantially more power than a two-terminal device, while also enabling power injection and extraction between the two sub-circuits under a variety of spectral conditions.
734.
K VanSant; J Simon; M Schnabel; J Geisz; K Schulte; A Ptak; M Young; D Guiling; W Olavarria; M Rienaecker; H Schulte-Huxel; R Niepelt; S Kajari-Schroeder; R Brendel; R Peibst; A Tamboli
HVPE-Grown GaAs//Si Tandem Device Performance Proceedings Article
In: IEEE, (Hrsg.): 2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC 34th EU PVSEC), S. 2776-2778, Waikoloa Village, HI, USA, 2018, ISSN: 0160-8371.
@inproceedings{VanSant2018,
title = {HVPE-Grown GaAs//Si Tandem Device Performance},
author = {K VanSant and J Simon and M Schnabel and J Geisz and K Schulte and A Ptak and M Young and D Guiling and W Olavarria and M Rienaecker and H Schulte-Huxel and R Niepelt and S Kajari-Schroeder and R Brendel and R Peibst and A Tamboli},
editor = {IEEE},
doi = {10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547889},
issn = {0160-8371},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-01},
booktitle = {2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC 34th EU PVSEC)},
pages = {2776-2778},
address = {Waikoloa Village, HI, USA},
abstract = {The performance of III-V//Si tandem devices has successfully exceeded the theoretical efficiency limit of single junction Si devices (29.4%) yet the costs associated with these high-efficiency tandem devices are still too high to compete with today's conventional Si solar cells. Recent cost modeling efforts suggest that hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) could be adopted as an alternative growth technique to metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) because the costs of HVPE are substantially lower and the performance of devices fabricated from HVPE materials are continuously improving. This study reports on our first results of a HVPE-grown GaAs top cell mechanically stacked on a Si bottom cell.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The performance of III-V//Si tandem devices has successfully exceeded the theoretical efficiency limit of single junction Si devices (29.4%) yet the costs associated with these high-efficiency tandem devices are still too high to compete with today's conventional Si solar cells. Recent cost modeling efforts suggest that hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) could be adopted as an alternative growth technique to metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) because the costs of HVPE are substantially lower and the performance of devices fabricated from HVPE materials are continuously improving. This study reports on our first results of a HVPE-grown GaAs top cell mechanically stacked on a Si bottom cell.
735.
A Morlier; M Siebert; I Kunze; S Blankemeyer; M Köntges
Influence of environmental conditions on UV fluorescence imaging in the field Proceedings Article
In: IEEE, (Hrsg.): 2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC 34th EU PVSEC), S. 1309-1312, Waikoloa Village, HI, USA, 2018, ISSN: 0160-8371.
@inproceedings{Morlier2018d,
title = {Influence of environmental conditions on UV fluorescence imaging in the field},
author = {A Morlier and M Siebert and I Kunze and S Blankemeyer and M Köntges},
editor = {IEEE},
doi = {10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547483},
issn = {0160-8371},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-01},
booktitle = {2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC 34th EU PVSEC)},
pages = {1309-1312},
address = {Waikoloa Village, HI, USA},
abstract = {The potential of ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence as a field technique for photovoltaic module defect detection has been demonstrated recently. In the field during daytime, environmental parameters are not controllable. We assess in this work the influence of environmental temperature on the quality and reproducibility of UV fluorescence measurements. The kind of lamination material and its aging history very much influences the fluorescence intensity. During the measurement, the temperature of the module influences the fluorescence emission. A module at nominal operating cell temperature range (45°C to 50°C) can show from 3% up to 30% less fluorescence intensity compared to a module at a temperature of 25°C. The temperature dependence of the excitation UV light source itself has also some effect on the imaging quality but the influence of the camera temperature is negligible.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The potential of ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence as a field technique for photovoltaic module defect detection has been demonstrated recently. In the field during daytime, environmental parameters are not controllable. We assess in this work the influence of environmental temperature on the quality and reproducibility of UV fluorescence measurements. The kind of lamination material and its aging history very much influences the fluorescence intensity. During the measurement, the temperature of the module influences the fluorescence emission. A module at nominal operating cell temperature range (45°C to 50°C) can show from 3% up to 30% less fluorescence intensity compared to a module at a temperature of 25°C. The temperature dependence of the excitation UV light source itself has also some effect on the imaging quality but the influence of the camera temperature is negligible.
736.
A Morlier; M Siebert; I Kunze; S Blankemeyer; M Köntges
Ultraviolet fluorescence of ethylene-vinyl acetate in photovoltaic modules as estimation tool for yellowing and power loss Proceedings Article
In: IEEE, (Hrsg.): 2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC 34th EU PVSEC), S. 1597-1602, 2018, ISSN: 0160-8371.
@inproceedings{Morlier2018e,
title = {Ultraviolet fluorescence of ethylene-vinyl acetate in photovoltaic modules as estimation tool for yellowing and power loss},
author = {A Morlier and M Siebert and I Kunze and S Blankemeyer and M Köntges},
editor = {IEEE},
doi = {10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547290},
issn = {0160-8371},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-01},
booktitle = {2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC 34th EU PVSEC)},
pages = {1597-1602},
abstract = {The potential of ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence as a field technique for photovoltaic module defect detection was demonstrated recently. Here we study the formation rate of the fluorophores in module encapsulating material under UV illumination. We observe a correlation between the decrease in visible light transmission of the encapsulant and UV fluorescence intensity. This correlation allows estimating the yellowing-induced power loss via fluorescence measurements.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The potential of ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence as a field technique for photovoltaic module defect detection was demonstrated recently. Here we study the formation rate of the fluorophores in module encapsulating material under UV illumination. We observe a correlation between the decrease in visible light transmission of the encapsulant and UV fluorescence intensity. This correlation allows estimating the yellowing-induced power loss via fluorescence measurements.
737.
R Niepelt; S J Wolter; M Tatarzyn; M Diederich; V Steckenreiter; T Wietler; R Peibst; S Kajari-Schröder
Application of Experimentally Determined Acoustic Impedance Ratio for Homogeneous Co-Evaporation of Perovskite Absorbers Proceedings Article
In: IEEE, (Hrsg.): 2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC 34th EU PVSEC), S. 0508-0511, Waikoloa Village, HI, USA, 2018, ISSN: 0160-8371.
@inproceedings{Niepelt2018b,
title = {Application of Experimentally Determined Acoustic Impedance Ratio for Homogeneous Co-Evaporation of Perovskite Absorbers},
author = {R Niepelt and S J Wolter and M Tatarzyn and M Diederich and V Steckenreiter and T Wietler and R Peibst and S Kajari-Schröder},
editor = {IEEE},
doi = {10.1109/PVSC.2018.8548309},
issn = {0160-8371},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-01},
booktitle = {2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC 34th EU PVSEC)},
pages = {0508-0511},
address = {Waikoloa Village, HI, USA},
abstract = {We present the co-evaporation of metal halide perovskite absorbers on wafer scale. We determine the acoustic impedance ratio Z and density ρ of methyl ammonium iodide and lead iodide. We use them for the deposition of perovskite absorbers on 6-inch-diameter silicon wafers. We evaluate the structural and optical conformity of the deposition with x-ray diffraction and spectral photoluminescence. We use a camera-based fluorescence detection system to prove the homogeneity of the luminescence intensity. With our evaporation parameters, we achieve a conformal absorber deposition of controllable thickness and stoichiometry. The lead iodide precursor fully transforms into perovskite during the deposition without any post-deposition annealing. The as-deposited layers show a homogeneous photoluminescence signal at 1.61 eV at room temperature.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
We present the co-evaporation of metal halide perovskite absorbers on wafer scale. We determine the acoustic impedance ratio Z and density ρ of methyl ammonium iodide and lead iodide. We use them for the deposition of perovskite absorbers on 6-inch-diameter silicon wafers. We evaluate the structural and optical conformity of the deposition with x-ray diffraction and spectral photoluminescence. We use a camera-based fluorescence detection system to prove the homogeneity of the luminescence intensity. With our evaporation parameters, we achieve a conformal absorber deposition of controllable thickness and stoichiometry. The lead iodide precursor fully transforms into perovskite during the deposition without any post-deposition annealing. The as-deposited layers show a homogeneous photoluminescence signal at 1.61 eV at room temperature.
738.
R Peibst; M Rienäcker; B Min; C Klamt; R Niepelt; T Wietler; T Dullweber; E Sauter; J Hïbner; M Oestreich; R Brendel
p+/n+ polysilicon-on-oxide tunneling junctions as an interface of p-type PERC cells for tandem applications Proceedings Article
In: IEEE, (Hrsg.): 2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC 34th EU PVSEC), S. 2635-2637, Waikoloa Village, HI, USA, 2018, ISSN: 0160-8371.
@inproceedings{Peibst2018db,
title = {p+/n+ polysilicon-on-oxide tunneling junctions as an interface of p-type PERC cells for tandem applications},
author = {R Peibst and M Rienäcker and B Min and C Klamt and R Niepelt and T Wietler and T Dullweber and E Sauter and J Hïbner and M Oestreich and R Brendel},
editor = {IEEE},
doi = {10.1109/PVSC.2018.8548032},
issn = {0160-8371},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-01},
booktitle = {2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC 34th EU PVSEC)},
pages = {2635-2637},
address = {Waikoloa Village, HI, USA},
abstract = {We present a novel cell concept that combines the tandem cell approach with the PERC mainstream technology. As an interface between Si bottom and top cell, we utilize passivating n+-type polysilicon on oxide (POLO) contacts and a p+ poly-Si / n+poly-Si tunneling junction. Our full area PERC+Si bottom cells are fabricated within a typical industrial process sequence where the POCl3-diffusion and SiNxdeposition are replaced by the POLO junction formation processes. The implied open circuit voltage iVocmeasured on these devices reaches up to 708 mV (684 mV) under 1 sun (under filtered spectrum), respectively.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
We present a novel cell concept that combines the tandem cell approach with the PERC mainstream technology. As an interface between Si bottom and top cell, we utilize passivating n+-type polysilicon on oxide (POLO) contacts and a p+ poly-Si / n+poly-Si tunneling junction. Our full area PERC+Si bottom cells are fabricated within a typical industrial process sequence where the POCl3-diffusion and SiNxdeposition are replaced by the POLO junction formation processes. The implied open circuit voltage iVocmeasured on these devices reaches up to 708 mV (684 mV) under 1 sun (under filtered spectrum), respectively.
739.
E Warren; M Rienaecker; M Schnabel; M Deceglie; R Peibst; A Tamboli; P Stradins
Operating principles of three-terminal solar cells Proceedings Article
In: IEEE, (Hrsg.): 2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC 34th EU PVSEC), S. 2648-2650, Waikoloa Village, HI, USA, 2018, ISSN: 0160-8371.
@inproceedings{Warren2018c,
title = {Operating principles of three-terminal solar cells},
author = {E Warren and M Rienaecker and M Schnabel and M Deceglie and R Peibst and A Tamboli and P Stradins},
editor = {IEEE},
doi = {10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547611},
issn = {0160-8371},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-01},
booktitle = {2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC 34th EU PVSEC)},
pages = {2648-2650},
address = {Waikoloa Village, HI, USA},
abstract = {Most tandem solar cells are either two-terminal devices where the subcells are electrically connected in series or four terminal devices where each subcell is operated independently. There are trade-offs between the two integration schemes in terms of ease of fabrication, overall efficiency, and spectral sensitivity. Three-terminal (3T) tandem cells can combine the best aspects of both integration schemes if designed properly. Using a 3T design based on an interdigitated back contact (IBC) Si device with conductive front surface, combined with a wider bandgap III-V top cell, we discuss the operation of three terminal tandems in detail. We present technology computer aided design (TCAD) device physics simulations to describe trends in performance. We show that this type of 3T device can provide a robust operating mechanism to efficiently capture the solar spectrum without the need to current match sub-cells or fabricate complicated metal interconnects between cells.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Most tandem solar cells are either two-terminal devices where the subcells are electrically connected in series or four terminal devices where each subcell is operated independently. There are trade-offs between the two integration schemes in terms of ease of fabrication, overall efficiency, and spectral sensitivity. Three-terminal (3T) tandem cells can combine the best aspects of both integration schemes if designed properly. Using a 3T design based on an interdigitated back contact (IBC) Si device with conductive front surface, combined with a wider bandgap III-V top cell, we discuss the operation of three terminal tandems in detail. We present technology computer aided design (TCAD) device physics simulations to describe trends in performance. We show that this type of 3T device can provide a robust operating mechanism to efficiently capture the solar spectrum without the need to current match sub-cells or fabricate complicated metal interconnects between cells.
740.
K Bothe; D Hinken; T Gandy; I Ahrens; C Schinke
Approximating the determination of the spectral responsivity of solar cells Proceedings Article
In: IEEE, (Hrsg.): 2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC 34th EU PVSEC), S. 0381-0385, Waikoloa Village, HI, USA, 2018, ISSN: 0160-8371.
@inproceedings{Bothe2018c,
title = {Approximating the determination of the spectral responsivity of solar cells},
author = {K Bothe and D Hinken and T Gandy and I Ahrens and C Schinke},
editor = {IEEE},
doi = {10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547824},
issn = {0160-8371},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-01},
booktitle = {2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC 34th EU PVSEC)},
pages = {0381-0385},
address = {Waikoloa Village, HI, USA},
abstract = {The determination of the spectral responsivity is an essential part of solar cell calibration. Apart from the complete differential spectral responsivity procedure, which yields the most accurate results, the IEC 60904-8 defines four simplifications. We provide detailed information on the expected variations in the calculated spectral responsivity curves for the different simplifications compared to the complete procedure. For non-linear crystalline silicon front junction solar cells, we show that deviations mainly occur at wavelengths above 700 nm and become largest between 1000 to 1200 nm. Even though we found a maximum deviation in spectral responsivity of 7% for the simplification with lowest requirements in bias irradiance, all other simplifications yield deviations well below 3%. This transforms into a deviation of 0.01% in the spectral mismatch factor for an industrial PERC solar cell when using a typical world photovoltaic scale (WPVS) reference solar cell and a class A two-lamp solar simulator. If you are reliant on the use of a simplification, we recommend using the multicolour approach. Even though the singlecolour approach might yield lower deviations in specific cases, it requires knowledge about the maximum in the spectral responsivity, which is not generally known in advance of the measurement. Accepting a slightly higher deviation, the white bias approach is a recommendable alternative.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The determination of the spectral responsivity is an essential part of solar cell calibration. Apart from the complete differential spectral responsivity procedure, which yields the most accurate results, the IEC 60904-8 defines four simplifications. We provide detailed information on the expected variations in the calculated spectral responsivity curves for the different simplifications compared to the complete procedure. For non-linear crystalline silicon front junction solar cells, we show that deviations mainly occur at wavelengths above 700 nm and become largest between 1000 to 1200 nm. Even though we found a maximum deviation in spectral responsivity of 7% for the simplification with lowest requirements in bias irradiance, all other simplifications yield deviations well below 3%. This transforms into a deviation of 0.01% in the spectral mismatch factor for an industrial PERC solar cell when using a typical world photovoltaic scale (WPVS) reference solar cell and a class A two-lamp solar simulator. If you are reliant on the use of a simplification, we recommend using the multicolour approach. Even though the singlecolour approach might yield lower deviations in specific cases, it requires knowledge about the maximum in the spectral responsivity, which is not generally known in advance of the measurement. Accepting a slightly higher deviation, the white bias approach is a recommendable alternative.