Veröffentlichungen
2017 |
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M. R. Vogt, H. Schulte-Huxel, M. Offer, S. Blankemeyer, R. Witteck, M. Köntges, K. Bothe, and R. Brendel IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 7 (1), 44-50, (2017), ISSN: 2156-3381. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Glass, Mathematical model, Nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT), operating temperature, passivated emitter rear cell (PERC), photovoltaic (PV) module, Photovoltaic cells, PV module thermal properties, ray tracing, silicon, Temperature measurement, Temperature sensors, Thermal conductivity @article{Vogt2017b,
title = {Reduced module operating temperature and increased yield of modules with PERC instead of Al-BSF solar cells}, author = {M R Vogt and H Schulte-Huxel and M Offer and S Blankemeyer and R Witteck and M Köntges and K Bothe and R Brendel}, doi = {10.1109/JPHOTOV.2016.2616191}, issn = {2156-3381}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {44-50}, abstract = {We demonstrate a reduced operating temperature of modules made from passivated emitter rear cells (PERCs) compared with modules made from cells featuring an unpassivated fullarea screen-printed aluminum rear side metallization aluminum back surface field (Al-BSF). Measurements on specific test modules fabricated from p-type silicon PERC and Al-BSF solar cells reveal a 4 °C lower operating temperature for the PERC module under 1400 W/m2 halogen illumination, if no temperature control is applied. For detailed analysis of the temperature effect, we perform a 3-D ray tracing analysis in the spectral range from 300 to 2500 nm to determine the radiative heat sources in a photovoltaic (PV) module. We combine these heat sources with a 1-D finite element method model solving the coupled system of semiconductor, thermal conduction, convection, and radiation equations for module temperature and power output. The simulations reveal that the origin of the reduced temperature of the PERC modules is a higher efficiency, as well as a higher reflectivity, of the cells rear side mirror. This reduces the parasitic absorptions in the rear metallization and increases the reflection for wavelengths above 1000 nm. This operating temperature difference is simulated to be linear in intensity. The slope depends on the spectral distribution of the incoming light. Under 1000 W/m2 in AM1.5G, our simulations reveal that the operating temperature difference is about 1.7 °C. The operating temperature can be lowered another 3.2 °C, if all parasitic absorption for wavelengths longer than 1200 nm can be prevented. Standard testing conditions applying a temperature control to the module do not show this effect of enhanced performance of the PERC modules. Yield calculations for systems in the field will thus systematically underestimate their electrical power output unless the inherently lower operating temperature of PERC modules is taken into account.}, keywords = {Glass, Mathematical model, Nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT), operating temperature, passivated emitter rear cell (PERC), photovoltaic (PV) module, Photovoltaic cells, PV module thermal properties, ray tracing, silicon, Temperature measurement, Temperature sensors, Thermal conductivity}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We demonstrate a reduced operating temperature of modules made from passivated emitter rear cells (PERCs) compared with modules made from cells featuring an unpassivated fullarea screen-printed aluminum rear side metallization aluminum back surface field (Al-BSF). Measurements on specific test modules fabricated from p-type silicon PERC and Al-BSF solar cells reveal a 4 °C lower operating temperature for the PERC module under 1400 W/m2 halogen illumination, if no temperature control is applied. For detailed analysis of the temperature effect, we perform a 3-D ray tracing analysis in the spectral range from 300 to 2500 nm to determine the radiative heat sources in a photovoltaic (PV) module. We combine these heat sources with a 1-D finite element method model solving the coupled system of semiconductor, thermal conduction, convection, and radiation equations for module temperature and power output. The simulations reveal that the origin of the reduced temperature of the PERC modules is a higher efficiency, as well as a higher reflectivity, of the cells rear side mirror. This reduces the parasitic absorptions in the rear metallization and increases the reflection for wavelengths above 1000 nm. This operating temperature difference is simulated to be linear in intensity. The slope depends on the spectral distribution of the incoming light. Under 1000 W/m2 in AM1.5G, our simulations reveal that the operating temperature difference is about 1.7 °C. The operating temperature can be lowered another 3.2 °C, if all parasitic absorption for wavelengths longer than 1200 nm can be prevented. Standard testing conditions applying a temperature control to the module do not show this effect of enhanced performance of the PERC modules. Yield calculations for systems in the field will thus systematically underestimate their electrical power output unless the inherently lower operating temperature of PERC modules is taken into account.
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2016 |
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B. Veith-Wolf, R. Witteck, A. Morlier, H. Schulte-Huxel, and J. Schmidt Effect of UV illumination on the passivation quality of AlOx/c-Si interfaces Inproceedings IEEE (Hrsg.): 2016 IEEE 43rd Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), 1173-1178, Portland, OR, USA, (2016), ISBN: 978-1-5090-2725-5. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Aluminum oxide, Annealing, Carrier lifetime, crystalline silicon, Degradation, Firing, Glass, Lifetime estimation, Lighting, passivation, silicon nitride, surface passivation, UV stability @inproceedings{Veith-Wolf2016,
title = {Effect of UV illumination on the passivation quality of AlOx/c-Si interfaces}, author = {B Veith-Wolf and R Witteck and A Morlier and H Schulte-Huxel and J Schmidt}, editor = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/PVSC.2016.7749799}, isbn = {978-1-5090-2725-5}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-06-01}, booktitle = {2016 IEEE 43rd Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)}, journal = {Proceedings of the 43rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference}, pages = {1173-1178}, address = {Portland, OR, USA}, abstract = {We report on the stability of the c-Si surface passivation quality by aluminum oxide (AlOx), silicon nitride (SiNp), and AlOx/SiNy stacks under UV illumination. Low-temperature annealed AlOx shows a weak degradation during UV illumination, with surface recombination velocities (SRVs) of 25 cm/s after a UV dose of 275 kWh/m2. This degradation is less pronounced compared to that of fired SiNy layers with an SRV of 117 cm/s. After a firing step, the AlOx layer show even an improvement during UV illumination, resulting in stabilized SRVs of down to 1 cm/s. The improvement is mainly due to an increase of the negative fixed charge density in the AlOx layer up to a large value of -1.2×10^13 cm-2.}, keywords = {Aluminum oxide, Annealing, Carrier lifetime, crystalline silicon, Degradation, Firing, Glass, Lifetime estimation, Lighting, passivation, silicon nitride, surface passivation, UV stability}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } We report on the stability of the c-Si surface passivation quality by aluminum oxide (AlOx), silicon nitride (SiNp), and AlOx/SiNy stacks under UV illumination. Low-temperature annealed AlOx shows a weak degradation during UV illumination, with surface recombination velocities (SRVs) of 25 cm/s after a UV dose of 275 kWh/m2. This degradation is less pronounced compared to that of fired SiNy layers with an SRV of 117 cm/s. After a firing step, the AlOx layer show even an improvement during UV illumination, resulting in stabilized SRVs of down to 1 cm/s. The improvement is mainly due to an increase of the negative fixed charge density in the AlOx layer up to a large value of -1.2×10^13 cm-2.
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F. Giovannetti, M. Kirchner, R. Sass, and G. Rockendorf Enameled Glass Panels for Solar Thermal Building Envelopes Artikel Energy Procedia 91 , 49-55, (2016), ISSN: 1876-6102, (Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Solar Heating and Cooling for Buildings and Industry (SHC 2015)). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: building integration, enamel, Flat plate collector, Glass, Low-e coating, solar architecture @article{Giovannetti2016b,
title = {Enameled Glass Panels for Solar Thermal Building Envelopes}, author = {F Giovannetti and M Kirchner and R Sass and G Rockendorf}, doi = {10.1016/j.egypro.2016.06.170}, issn = {1876-6102}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-06-01}, journal = {Energy Procedia}, volume = {91}, pages = {49-55}, abstract = {The paper presents a novel concept of solar thermal panel specifically intended for building integration, aiming at a higher architectural quality and at a reduction of installation costs. The panel consists of a low-emissivity enameled flat glass as solar absorber and a metallic heat exchanger, which are glued together by an adhesive layer. It features high design flexibility and can be used as roof or façade cladding in combination with common frames and profiles. We analyze the potential of the panel both as uncovered and covered collector by means of efficiency measurements on large-sized prototypes according to ISO 9806. Our results show that panels equipped with black enameled glass can achieve performance values competitive with those of commercial available products (uncovered panel: η0 = 0.75, b1 = 8.05 W/m2K, b2 = 1.64 J/m3K, bu = 0.043 s/m; covered panel: η0 = 0.74, a1 = 4.26 W/m2K, a2 = 0.013 W/m2K2). As reported by our optical measurements on small samples, colored glass can exhibit solar absorptance up to 0.93, thus representing an aesthetically appealing alternative to black panels. For its implementation, system integration, operating conditions and design aspects have to be taken into consideration.}, note = {Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Solar Heating and Cooling for Buildings and Industry (SHC 2015)}, keywords = {building integration, enamel, Flat plate collector, Glass, Low-e coating, solar architecture}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper presents a novel concept of solar thermal panel specifically intended for building integration, aiming at a higher architectural quality and at a reduction of installation costs. The panel consists of a low-emissivity enameled flat glass as solar absorber and a metallic heat exchanger, which are glued together by an adhesive layer. It features high design flexibility and can be used as roof or façade cladding in combination with common frames and profiles. We analyze the potential of the panel both as uncovered and covered collector by means of efficiency measurements on large-sized prototypes according to ISO 9806. Our results show that panels equipped with black enameled glass can achieve performance values competitive with those of commercial available products (uncovered panel: η0 = 0.75, b1 = 8.05 W/m2K, b2 = 1.64 J/m3K, bu = 0.043 s/m; covered panel: η0 = 0.74, a1 = 4.26 W/m2K, a2 = 0.013 W/m2K2). As reported by our optical measurements on small samples, colored glass can exhibit solar absorptance up to 0.93, thus representing an aesthetically appealing alternative to black panels. For its implementation, system integration, operating conditions and design aspects have to be taken into consideration.
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M. R. Vogt, H. Hahn, H. Holst, M. Winter, C. Schinke, M. Köntges, R. Brendel, and P. P. Altermatt IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 6 (1), 111-118, (2016). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Ellipsometry, Extraterrestrial measurements, Glass, Iron, Iron content, Optical losses, ray tracing, soda-lime glass, solar cell module, Uncertainty, Wavelength measurement @article{Vogt2015b,
title = {Measurement of the optical constants of soda-lime glasses in dependence of iron content, and modeling of iron-related power losses in crystalline Si solar cell modules}, author = {M R Vogt and H Hahn and H Holst and M Winter and C Schinke and M Köntges and R Brendel and P P Altermatt}, doi = {10.1109/JPHOTOV.2015.2498043}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics}, volume = {6}, number = {1}, pages = {111-118}, abstract = {It is well known that the absorbance of soda-lime glass is very sensitive to the amount of iron contamination; therefore, it strongly affects the power output of mass-produced crystalline silicon solar cell modules. We use a combination of ellipsometry and transmission measurements to determine the optical constants, at wavelengths between 300 and 1690 nm, of soda-lime-silica glasses containing an iron content between 1 0/00. and 0.01 0/00., measured with inductive coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. We derive two different semiempirical models for the extinction coefficient of soda-lime-silica glass as a function of its iron content: one model for iron alone and the other model for iron including other typical remaining coloring agents. Furthermore, we use ray tracing and spice simulations to predict the power losses in standard modules as a function of iron content in their cover glass sheet. Considering a module with 3.2-mm glass thickness, our results predict a decline in module output power due to iron content in the glass of 1.1% (3 W) for Fe2 O3 = 0.1 0/00. and 9.8% (28 W) for Fe2 O3 = 1 0/00.}, keywords = {Ellipsometry, Extraterrestrial measurements, Glass, Iron, Iron content, Optical losses, ray tracing, soda-lime glass, solar cell module, Uncertainty, Wavelength measurement}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } It is well known that the absorbance of soda-lime glass is very sensitive to the amount of iron contamination; therefore, it strongly affects the power output of mass-produced crystalline silicon solar cell modules. We use a combination of ellipsometry and transmission measurements to determine the optical constants, at wavelengths between 300 and 1690 nm, of soda-lime-silica glasses containing an iron content between 1 0/00. and 0.01 0/00., measured with inductive coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. We derive two different semiempirical models for the extinction coefficient of soda-lime-silica glass as a function of its iron content: one model for iron alone and the other model for iron including other typical remaining coloring agents. Furthermore, we use ray tracing and spice simulations to predict the power losses in standard modules as a function of iron content in their cover glass sheet. Considering a module with 3.2-mm glass thickness, our results predict a decline in module output power due to iron content in the glass of 1.1% (3 W) for Fe2 O3 = 0.1 0/00. and 9.8% (28 W) for Fe2 O3 = 1 0/00.
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2015 |
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H. Schulte-Huxel, S. Kajari-Schröder, and R. Brendel IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 5 (6), 1606-1612, (2015). Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Al metallization, Aluminum, cell interconnection, Finite element analysis, finite-element method (FEM) simulations, Glass, laser processing, metallization, module integration, Surface morphology, Surface treatment, Welding @article{Schulte-Huxel2015b,
title = {Analysis of thermal processes driving laser-welding of aluminum deposited on glass substrates for module interconnection of silicon solar cells}, author = {H Schulte-Huxel and S Kajari-Schröder and R Brendel}, doi = {10.1109/JPHOTOV.2015.2478027}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-11-01}, journal = {IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics}, volume = {5}, number = {6}, pages = {1606-1612}, keywords = {Al metallization, Aluminum, cell interconnection, Finite element analysis, finite-element method (FEM) simulations, Glass, laser processing, metallization, module integration, Surface morphology, Surface treatment, Welding}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
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D. Amkreutz, W. D. Barker, S. Kühnapfel, P. Sonntag, O. Gabriel, S. Gall, U. Bloeck, J. Schmidt, J. Haschke, and B. Rech IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 5 (6), 1757-1761, (2015). Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Crystallization, Glass, Liquid-phase crystallization (LPC), passivation, Photovoltaic cells, Photovoltaic systems, Polycrystalline silicon, silicon, surface passivation @article{bb,
title = {Liquid-phase crystallized silicon solar cells on glass: increasing the open-circuit voltage by optimized interlayers for n- and p-type absorbers}, author = {D Amkreutz and W D Barker and S Kühnapfel and P Sonntag and O Gabriel and S Gall and U Bloeck and J Schmidt and J Haschke and B Rech}, doi = {10.1109/JPHOTOV.2015.2466434}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-11-01}, journal = {IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics}, volume = {5}, number = {6}, pages = {1757-1761}, keywords = {Crystallization, Glass, Liquid-phase crystallization (LPC), passivation, Photovoltaic cells, Photovoltaic systems, Polycrystalline silicon, silicon, surface passivation}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
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H. Mäckel, and P. P. Altermatt IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 5 (4), 1034-1046, (2015), ISSN: 2156-3381. Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Conductivity, Contact resistance, Electrical resistance measurement, Glass, Lead, silicon, Silicon solar cell, Silver, solar cell metallization, Tunneling @article{Mäckel2015,
title = {Current Transport Through Lead-Borosilicate Interfacial Glass Layers at the Screen-Printed Silver-Silicon Front Contact}, author = {H Mäckel and P P Altermatt}, doi = {10.1109/JPHOTOV.2015.2409561}, issn = {2156-3381}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-07-01}, journal = {IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {1034-1046}, keywords = {Conductivity, Contact resistance, Electrical resistance measurement, Glass, Lead, silicon, Silicon solar cell, Silver, solar cell metallization, Tunneling}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
2014 |
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M. Winter, M. R. Vogt, H. Holst, and P. P. Altermatt Combining structures on different length scales in ray tracing: Analysis of optical losses in solar cell modules Inproceedings Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices, 2014, 167-168, (2014), ISSN: 2158-3234. Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Absorption, Adaptive optics, Glass, Optical losses, Photovoltaic cells, ray tracing, Standards @inproceedings{6935409,
title = {Combining structures on different length scales in ray tracing: Analysis of optical losses in solar cell modules}, author = {M Winter and M R Vogt and H Holst and P P Altermatt}, doi = {10.1109/NUSOD.2014.6935409}, issn = {2158-3234}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-09-01}, booktitle = {Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices, 2014}, pages = {167-168}, keywords = {Absorption, Adaptive optics, Glass, Optical losses, Photovoltaic cells, ray tracing, Standards}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
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J. H. Petermann, H. Schulte-Huxel, V. Steckenreiter, S. Kajari-Schroder, and R. Brendel Principle of module-level processing demonstrated at single a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction solar cells Artikel IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 4 (4), 1018-1024, (2014). Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Contact recombination velocity, Glass, heterojunction, Hybrid silicon, Indium tin oxide, laser-fired and bonding contacts (LFBCs), module-level processing, passivation, Photovoltaic cells, silicon, Silicon compounds, silicone, Substrates @article{Petermann2014,
title = {Principle of module-level processing demonstrated at single a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction solar cells}, author = {J H Petermann and H Schulte-Huxel and V Steckenreiter and S Kajari-Schroder and R Brendel}, doi = {10.1109/JPHOTOV.2014.2314576}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-07-01}, journal = {IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics}, volume = {4}, number = {4}, pages = {1018-1024}, keywords = {Contact recombination velocity, Glass, heterojunction, Hybrid silicon, Indium tin oxide, laser-fired and bonding contacts (LFBCs), module-level processing, passivation, Photovoltaic cells, silicon, Silicon compounds, silicone, Substrates}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
2013 |
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J. H. Petermann, H. Schulte-Huxel, V. Steckenreiter, R. Gogolin, S. Eidelloth, T. Dullweber, S. Kajari-Schröder, and R. Brendel Module interconnection of both sides-contacted silicon solar cells by screen-printing Inproceedings IEEE (Hrsg.): 2013 IEEE 39th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) , 3448-3453, Tampa, FL, USA, (2013), ISBN: 978-1-4799-3299-3. Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Glass, heterojunction, Hybrid silicon, Integrated circuit interconnections, Lasers, module interconnection, module level processing, passivation, Photovoltaic cells, Resistance, screen-printing, silicon @inproceedings{Petermann2013,
title = {Module interconnection of both sides-contacted silicon solar cells by screen-printing}, author = {J H Petermann and H Schulte-Huxel and V Steckenreiter and R Gogolin and S Eidelloth and T Dullweber and S Kajari-Schröder and R Brendel}, editor = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/PVSC.2013.6745190}, isbn = {978-1-4799-3299-3}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-06-16}, booktitle = {2013 IEEE 39th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) }, journal = {Proceedings of the 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference}, pages = {3448-3453}, address = {Tampa, FL, USA}, keywords = {Glass, heterojunction, Hybrid silicon, Integrated circuit interconnections, Lasers, module interconnection, module level processing, passivation, Photovoltaic cells, Resistance, screen-printing, silicon}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
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H. Schulte-Huxel, S. Blankemeyer, R. Bock, A. Merkle, S. Kajari-Schröder, and R. Brendel Al-Foil on Encapsulant for the Interconnection of Al-Metalized Silicon Solar Cells Artikel IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 3 (1), 77-82, (2013). Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Al-metallization, Back-contact solar cells, Electrical resistance measurement, Glass, Lamination, Laser microwelding, Lasers, Lead-free, Measurement by laser beam, module-level inter-connection, Photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic module, Welding @article{Schulte-Huxel2013,
title = {Al-Foil on Encapsulant for the Interconnection of Al-Metalized Silicon Solar Cells}, author = {H Schulte-Huxel and S Blankemeyer and R Bock and A Merkle and S Kajari-Schröder and R Brendel}, doi = {10.1109/JPHOTOV.2012.2208096}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {77-82}, keywords = {Al-metallization, Back-contact solar cells, Electrical resistance measurement, Glass, Lamination, Laser microwelding, Lasers, Lead-free, Measurement by laser beam, module-level inter-connection, Photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic module, Welding}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
2012 |
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R. Chen, H. Wagner, A. Dastgheib-Shirazi, M. Kessler, Z. Zhu, P. P. Altermatt, and S. T. Dunham Understanding coupled oxide growth and phosphorus diffusion in POCl3 deposition for control of phosphorus emitter diffusion Inproceedings IEEE (Hrsg.): 2012 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference , 000213-000216, Austin, TX, USA, (2012), ISBN: 978-1-4673-0064-3. Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Data models, Glass, Kinetic theory, Mathematical model, phosphorus emitter diffusion, phosphosilicate glass, POCl3 deposition, Predictive models, process modeling, Semiconductor process modeling, silicon @inproceedings{Chen2012,
title = {Understanding coupled oxide growth and phosphorus diffusion in POCl3 deposition for control of phosphorus emitter diffusion}, author = {R Chen and H Wagner and A Dastgheib-Shirazi and M Kessler and Z Zhu and P P. Altermatt and S T Dunham}, editor = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/PVSC.2012.6317603}, isbn = {978-1-4673-0064-3}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-06-01}, booktitle = {2012 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference }, pages = {000213-000216}, address = {Austin, TX, USA}, keywords = {Data models, Glass, Kinetic theory, Mathematical model, phosphorus emitter diffusion, phosphosilicate glass, POCl3 deposition, Predictive models, process modeling, Semiconductor process modeling, silicon}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
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H. Schulte-Huxel, Bock.. R. S. Blankemeyer, A. Merkle, and R. Brendel IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 2 (1), 16-21, (2012). Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Al-metallization, Back-contact solar cells, Glass, Laser microwelding, Lasers, Lead-free, Measurement by laser beam, module-level interconnection, Photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic module, Stress, Substrates, Welding @article{Schulte-Huxel2012b,
title = {Aluminum-based mechanical and electrical laser interconnection process for module integration of silicon solar cells}, author = {H Schulte-Huxel and Bock. R S Blankemeyer and A Merkle and R Brendel}, doi = {10.1109/JPHOTOV.2011.2177072}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {16-21}, keywords = {Al-metallization, Back-contact solar cells, Glass, Laser microwelding, Lasers, Lead-free, Measurement by laser beam, module-level interconnection, Photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic module, Stress, Substrates, Welding}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
2011 |
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R. Brendel, J. H. Petermann, D. Zielke, H. Schulte-Huxel, M. Kessler, S. Gatz, S. Eidelloth, R. Bock, E. Garralaga-Rojas, J. Schmidt, and T. Dullweber IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 1 (1), 9-15, (2011), ISSN: 2156-3381. Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Aluminum oxide passivation, Bonding, Epitaxial growth, Glass, laser bonding, Lasers, layer transfer, passivation, silicon, thin film/wafer hybrid @article{Brendel2011,
title = {High-Efficiency Cells From Layer Transfer: A First Step Toward Thin-Film/Wafer Hybrid Silicon Technologies}, author = {R Brendel and J H Petermann and D Zielke and H Schulte-Huxel and M Kessler and S Gatz and S Eidelloth and R Bock and E Garralaga-Rojas and J Schmidt and T Dullweber}, doi = {10.1109/JPHOTOV.2011.2165529}, issn = {2156-3381}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-07-01}, journal = {IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {9-15}, keywords = {Aluminum oxide passivation, Bonding, Epitaxial growth, Glass, laser bonding, Lasers, layer transfer, passivation, silicon, thin film/wafer hybrid}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
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H. Wagner, A. Dastgheib-Shirazi, R. Chen, S. T. Dunham, M. Kessler, and P. P. Altermatt Improving the predictive power of modeling the emitter diffusion by fully including the phosphsilicate glass (PSG) layer Inproceedings IEEE (Hrsg.): 2011 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 002957-002962, Seattle, WA, USA, (2011), ISSN: 0160-8371. Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Equations, Glass, Mathematical model, Numerical models, Semiconductor process modeling, silicon, Temperature measurement @inproceedings{Wagner2011,
title = {Improving the predictive power of modeling the emitter diffusion by fully including the phosphsilicate glass (PSG) layer}, author = {H Wagner and A Dastgheib-Shirazi and R Chen and S T Dunham and M Kessler and P P Altermatt}, editor = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/PVSC.2011.6186566}, issn = {0160-8371}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-06-01}, booktitle = {2011 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference}, pages = {002957-002962}, address = {Seattle, WA, USA}, keywords = {Equations, Glass, Mathematical model, Numerical models, Semiconductor process modeling, silicon, Temperature measurement}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
2009 |
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E. G. Rojas, C. Hampe, H. Plagwitz, and R. Brendel Formation of mesoporous gallium arsenide for lift-off processes by electrochemical etching Inproceedings IEEE (Hrsg.): 2009 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), 001086-001089, Philadelphia, PA, USA, (2009), ISSN: 0160-8371. Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: Conductive films, Conductivity, Epitaxial growth, Etching, Gallium arsenide, Glass, Mesoporous materials, Molecular beam epitaxial growth, Substrates, X-ray scattering @inproceedings{Rojas2009b,
title = {Formation of mesoporous gallium arsenide for lift-off processes by electrochemical etching}, author = {E G Rojas and C Hampe and H Plagwitz and R Brendel}, editor = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/PVSC.2009.5411208}, issn = {0160-8371}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-06-01}, booktitle = {2009 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)}, pages = {001086-001089}, address = {Philadelphia, PA, USA}, keywords = {Conductive films, Conductivity, Epitaxial growth, Etching, Gallium arsenide, Glass, Mesoporous materials, Molecular beam epitaxial growth, Substrates, X-ray scattering}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
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M. A. Kessler, T. Ohrdes, B. Wolpensinger, R. Bock, and N. P. Harder IEEE (Hrsg.): 2009 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), 001556-001561, Philadelphia, PA, USA, (2009), ISSN: 0160-8371. Links | BibTeX | Schlagwörter: boron, charge carrier lifetime, Degradation, Diffusion processes, Furnaces, Glass, oxygen, Scanning electron microscopy, silicon, Temperature @inproceedings{Kessler2009,
title = {Characterisation and implications of the boron rich layer resulting from open-tube liquid source BBR3 boron diffusion processes}, author = {M A Kessler and T Ohrdes and B Wolpensinger and R Bock and N P Harder}, editor = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/PVSC.2009.5411365}, issn = {0160-8371}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-06-01}, booktitle = {2009 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)}, pages = {001556-001561}, address = {Philadelphia, PA, USA}, keywords = {boron, charge carrier lifetime, Degradation, Diffusion processes, Furnaces, Glass, oxygen, Scanning electron microscopy, silicon, Temperature}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |